Tag Archives: Training

Measures of Training Intensity

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One of the most important aspects of periodization is the intensity at which each workout is executed. For improvement to occur more effectively, training intensity needs to be measured and controlled.

The easiest measure to use is Rate of Perceived Exertion, or RPE. which is how difficult the workout feels. Also easy to use is percent, although what the various percents mean is open to interpretation. I also use my own “Talk Index” defining how easy or difficult it would be to talk at a given output. Then there is heart rate, with ranges for individual training zones. Average pace is a good indicator once an athlete knows their pace range for various intensities. Finally, power can be used on the bike (maybe someday on the run and swim too) with a power meter.

Each of these methods yield results of varying accuracy since our perception of effort is not always perfect and our breathing and heart rate can be affected by other things besides exercise. Power is a very good standard since it is not affected by these factors. As mentioned, currently this is only available for cycling.

It is my recommendation that athletes use a multi-pronged approach in their training, using some or all of the above-mentioned measures. Some athletes relate better to RPE, while others love to watch their heart rate, etc. By following more indicators, an athlete can dial their training into the correct zone and also find the measures that work best for them as an individual.

The longer I work with an athlete, the more we fine tune these measures, one of the keys to that athlete reaching their potential.

Re-thinking Swim Training

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My approach to swim training is somewhat unique. I don’t come from a swim background. I come from a running and cycling background. As such, I have come to several conclusions with regard to swim training for triathlon.

The first is that not all Masters swim programs are created equally. Many are not geared toward a triathlete who is seeking to improve their front crawl. The programs of which I speak are those that give equal training to the other strokes such as back, breast and butterfly. I am in no way suggesting that these are bad programs. My concern is that a triathlete with limited time needs to concentrate on the stroke they will be using in races. There is certainly a benefit to learning other strokes and swim techniques to improve overall swim ability, but I recommend choosing a program that is geared heavily toward front crawl. In the Vancouver, BC area, fortunately there are some great options geared toward triathletes.

Technique is important in the swim, especially since water is more difficult to force yourself through with poor technique. Technique is also important in cycling and running, but is often less emphasized since air is more forgiving of our attempts to force ourselves through it (more on that in a future post). Since we hear these assertions on technique so often, it is tempting to swim drills at every swim session, while omitting or limiting continuous swims and interval sets. I believe in committing time to technique-only sessions and then applying those learned techniques in continuous swims and interval sets. This gives the mind some variety and a break from heavy thinking about swimming. Sometimes, an athlete deserves to “just swim” and feel the joy of being in the water.

This leads me to another point which is swimming interval sets. I will often schedule a session with warm up, cool down and a simple set of X number of sets of X reps with a prescribed rest in between. No drills, just warm up, swim strong, cool down. I find these sessions give the athlete more focus on the intensity because there are no drills in the session to think about. I make sure that the athlete includes drills in another session, but not during this one.

Continuous swims are as important as the long bike and the long run. You will be swimming continuously on race day, so practicing nonstop swimming make sense. This is especially true when the weather allows for group open water swimming.

The final consideration in swim training is how much time to commit to swimming in your overall plan. The swim portion of a triathlon is the smallest percentage of time of the three sports. For longer races, it represents 15% of the time spent racing. Should you swim 15% of your total training time? Probably not, but neither should you spend 50% of your time swimming (unless you have a lot of extra time). I recommend 20-25% of training time be dedicated to swimming, depending on the season. In the off-season I like to do some swimming focus weeks so the bike and run will drop in volume in favour of swimming.

In a nutshell, I believe a balanced approach to swimming with your overall triathlon goals in mind yields the best results in the water and on the bike and run.

Managing Expectations

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We all strive to be happy and satisfied. Happy with our daily activities, happy with our health, satisfied with our efforts personally and professionally and as athletes, satisfied with our results. As athletes, there is much we can do to help ourselves to that happiness and satisfaction, by managing expectations.

First, there are the expectations others have of us. There are many demands that life brings us, some that we have no choice but to accept. These are the highest priority items such as getting the kids to school, paying the bills, getting to work on time. etc. However, there are also those expectations that others place on us that may or may not be high priorities. Some of us (we know who we are) always seem to say yes to added responsibility. It would benefit us all to make a list of our priorities and how much time they take. Then when someone asks us to do something for them, we know if we have the time and can learn to say no. In my mind, even if someone drops a responsibility on my lap without asking, I still reserve the right to say no. Often, I am happy to take on something extra, but I always have a choice and for me, that is important.

In athletics, you have those same choices and it isn’t like getting the workouts and racing done is separate from your other responsibilities. Add the workouts to the list and see how they fit into the scheme of your life. Maybe you can do more training…maybe you should do less. It may cause you to move your training to days it works better. It is about your overall expectations of yourself. If you want to train effectively, you need to be reasonable with yourself and the time you have available.

Race results are cruel. I have long thought they ought to have a comments section so you can tell the world a little about what may have affected how you finished. The truth is that you know what your priorities were in your training and what may have affected those outcomes and that is all that should matter. Easier said than done, I realize, but you will be a much more memorable athlete for balancing your priorities and having realistic expectations than you will for great race results alone. If you can achieve a balance and have both, fantastic! If not, it is still fantastic!

Set out to do the best you can with an honest effort. Expect no less and no more.

Training Cycles

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As a triathlon coach, I purposely plan an athlete’s year based on the concept of periodization. It is this cycle of building volume, building intensity and recovering that make for a better, faster, stronger athlete.

Here is a primer on the cycles used:

Macro Cycle = Annual plan with defined focus periods. This is where “Base, build, taper, race, etc.” come in.

Meso Cycle = Focus period plan with defined volume cycle. This is where I identify volume level (usually in a four week cycle), where you progressively build volume each week for three weeks followed by a recovery week. Actual hours are dependent on the individual and their race goals.

Micro Cycle = Weekly plan with workouts arranged to incorporate progressive overload with recovery and rest.

There is certainly more detail than that, but it all starts with defining the cycles.

Fitness and a Balanced Lifestyle

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There are numerous reasons why someone would choose to be more active. For some it is to lose some weight. Others may have friends who are into a sport like running and they’d like to give it a try. Whatever your reason for getting started, I want to talk about ways to keep at it and keep improving.

As a kid, I loved to run. For me, it was all about the competition. During gym class when we had to run outdoors, I would try to be the fastest. I didn’t often succeed, but I sure tried hard. This continued until high school where my circle of friends informed me that athletics weren’t very cool. If I wanted to be cool, I should smoke cigarettes and drive a cool car, so I did. I thought I was the Fonz or James Dean or something. I even had the black leather jacket. Once school was done and I entered the working world, I worked in the restaurant industry. Long hours, lots of cigarettes and now the addition of rich food and world-class wine. For a few years, I enjoyed what I thought was the good life.

It was during this time that I began to notice more of my friends and relatives developing heart disease, diabetes and a host of other ailments, many caused by “the good life”. It became very clear to me that if I didn’t change my lifestyle, I would be heading down this same path. So about fifteen years ago, I started making changes. I cut back on the rich food and alcohol. I stopped smoking. I started running.

Have I faithfully exercised every week since then? No. Have I eaten perfect meals every day? Of course not, but what I’ve managed to do through the advice of others and a lot of trial and error is gain a balanced lifestyle.

So what is a balanced lifestyle? Well it starts with a step in the right direction. You all have taken that step by signing up to train for a goal event. For that, you all deserve credit. What comes next is crucial in achieving balance.

It starts with something I call A.S.A.P. Appointments, Small Steps, Appreciation and People.

Appointments – Some people employ a personal trainer or coach, because they know the trainer is expecting them to show up on certain days at certain times. The trainer designs an appropriate program for them, but beyond that, they know someone is checking up on them. My wife, when she first began her running career, hired a personal trainer. She admits to being a naturally lazy person when it comes to exercise. So she hired a personal trainer and met with him twice a week. She knew he would expect her to be there and to have done her homework. In time, she was into a routine and didn’t feel she needed a trainer. She had developed new habits that she was able to stick with. You could accomplish a similar effect by promising to meet a friend or co-worker for a run on a certain day every week. They are expecting you and you are expecting them. That’s an appointment worth making.

Small steps – Once I tried abruptly switching to nothing but undressed chicken breast, unbuttered vegetables and brown rice. I wanted to eat perfect meals. It lasted about three days. Then I tried an approach that has actually worked. I took small steps with my diet. I printed a copy of the food guide for Canada. I started with eating a couple pieces of fruit a day. Once I was used to that, I increased a serving of something I should be eating and decreased something I shouldn’t be eating. I changed slowly over a few weeks. I allow myself occasional treats. I enjoy food and I try to eat well eighty percent of the time. I’m still making minor modifications all the time, but the bottom line is, I’m balancing my food lifestyle, not dieting. The same goes for how far and how fast you run. I lined up for my first Ironman triathlon in 2002 having trained appropriately and feeling ready for the distance. For those who don’t know, Ironman is a 4-kilometer swim, followed by a 180-kilometer bike and then a full marathon. I met someone before the race who had never done an Ironman. He hadn’t even done a triathlon before. He said he hadn’t trained all that much, but he was signed up and was going to “give it a shot”. I only hope he actually knew how to swim. He would be a good example of too large a leap. So remember, small steps.

Appreciation – Running is an enjoyable thing to do if you let yourself enjoy it. Several years ago, a friend of mine, worried that I was working too hard, told me I should “stop and smell the coffee”. I think she meant roses, but I actually like coffee too so what the heck. Her point is a good one. We live in a beautiful city with countless scenic running routes. Enjoy them all. Plan coffee shop runs with your friends where you end up at a café for a post-run treat. Stop in the middle of a run to look at the scenery. We always seem to stop only when we are near a bathroom. Next time, stop in the middle of the Lion’s Gate Bridge for two minutes (don’t do this in your car). It’s a gorgeous view. Appreciate it.

People – Surround yourself with people of like mind. Is there someone at work who also runs? Seek them out and maybe you two can run together. Socialize with people who are also athletes. Encourage your family to stay fit. Join a running club. Find out about what group runs your local running store offers. These are all ways to surround yourself with people who will encourage you and inspire you to stick with a healthy lifestyle. These same people will congratulate you and share in your joy as you accomplish all your fitness goals.

So live a balanced lifestyle. You need to do this ASAP.